MedDataToolPhenytoin is a medication used to treat serious types of seizures, including generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, and to prevent seizures during neurosurgery. It works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain to help control seizures. The medication is given through an intravenous (IV) injection, starting with a loading dose of 10 to 15 mg for adults and 15 to 20 mg for children, followed by maintenance doses every 6 to 8 hours. It's important to know that phenytoin should not be given too quickly, as this can lead to serious heart problems. Additionally, it should not be taken with the drug delavirdine, as this can affect how well delavirdine works.
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Uses
- Generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus.
- Prevention and treatment of seizures during neurosurgery.
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Dosage
Adults: 10 to 15 mg/kg loading dose, then 100 mg every 6 to 8 hours.
Pediatrics: 15 to 20 mg/kg loading dose, then maintenance as needed.
Elderly may require lower or less frequent dosing.
Monitor heart rate and blood pressure continuously during administration.
Always follow your doctor's specific instructions for your dose.
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Side effects
Common
Nystagmusataxiaslurred speechdecreased coordinationsomnolence
Serious
Severe cardiovascular eventsallergic reactionsacute hepatic failure
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Warnings
⚠ Important warnings
- Do not exceed 50 mg per minute in adults.
- Risk of severe hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias.
- Careful cardiac monitoring is needed during and after administration.
- Risk of withdrawal seizures if stopped suddenly.
- Not recommended for intramuscular use due to erratic absorption.
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Drug interactions
- Fluconazolemay increase phenytoin levelsCaution
- Carbamazepinemay decrease phenytoin levelsCaution
- Warfarinmay alter blood clotting responseCaution
- John’s wortmay decrease phenytoin levelsCaution
- Rifampinmay decrease phenytoin levelsCaution
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Answers pulled from the FDA label only.
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Medical Disclaimer: This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before taking any medication.
Data Source: Publicly available drug labeling information from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Data Source: Publicly available drug labeling information from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).